Development of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (Brief-P) in 10 Languages.

2. Forward and backward translation steps in each target country: Forward translation: Two qualified translators, native speakers of the target language, proficient in English and living in the target country, produced a translation of the original measure into the target language without mutual consultation. The consultant reviewed the two versions, compared them with the original, and established a consensus version (i.e., the first Target Language Version) in consultation with the translators (reconciliation step). Backward translation: One qualified translator, native speaker of English, proficient in the target language, with no knowledge of the original English text, produced a translation into English of the first version, as literal as possible. The consultant compared the backward translation, the original English measure, and the first version. For each item, the consultant analyzed the backward translation and determined whether it reflected the first version appropriately. All discrepancies between the backward translation and the original measure were carefully examined (inaccurate back translation or inaccurate forward version?) and decisions were made on amending or not the first version. All backward translations were reviewed by the developers, which led to additional discussions between the consultant and Mapi until satisfactory solutions were found. At the end of the process, a second target language version was created.